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Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome (GTPS) is one of the most common causes of outer hip pain, especially in middle-aged women and active individuals. Once referred to as “trochanteric bursitis,” GTPS is now recognized as a broader condition that involves the soft tissues around the bony prominence of the hip—known as the greater trochanter.
This guide will explain what GTPS is, why it happens, how it’s diagnosed, and the best treatment options for long-term relief.
What Is Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome?
GTPS refers to pain and inflammation in the soft tissues near the greater trochanter, the outer part of the femur at the top of the thigh. It often involves irritation of the:
Gluteus medius and minimus tendons (hip stabilizers)
Trochanteric bursa (a fluid-filled sac that cushions the area)
Iliotibial (IT) band tension or friction
GTPS is a soft tissue condition, not a bone or joint problem—though it can feel just as painful and limiting.
➡️ Related: Understanding Hip Bursitis and Tendonitis
Common Causes of GTPS
GTPS often develops due to overuse or imbalance in the hip stabilizer muscles. Contributing factors include:
Weak gluteal muscles
Tight iliotibial (IT) band
Repetitive motion or overuse (e.g., running, walking on uneven ground)
Hip surgery or trauma
Leg length discrepancies
Underlying hip conditions like hip dysplasia or FAI
Who Is Most at Risk?
Women between the ages of 40–60
Runners, hikers, and athletes
People with low back pain or knee problems
Individuals with poor core and hip strength
Symptoms of Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome
GTPS symptoms can range from mild to severe and typically include:
✅ Pain on the outside of the hip or thigh
✅ Discomfort when lying on the affected side
✅ Pain with walking, climbing stairs, or standing up from a chair
✅ Tenderness over the greater trochanter
✅ Stiffness and limited hip motion in some cases
Pain may worsen with activity or prolonged standing and can become chronic without proper care.
How Is GTPS Diagnosed?
Diagnosis is mostly clinical and may include:
Physical exam – Palpation of the greater trochanter and movement testing
Gait analysis – To assess hip control and stability
Imaging (if needed) – MRI or ultrasound may reveal tendon inflammation or bursal swelling
Treatment Options for GTPS
The goal of treatment is to reduce pain, restore function, and correct underlying biomechanical issues.
1. Activity Modification
Avoid lying on the painful side or repetitive hip movements.
Use a pillow between the knees while sleeping to relieve pressure.
2. Physical Therapy
Gluteus medius strengthening (e.g., clamshells, side-lying leg lifts)
IT band stretching and foam rolling
Core stabilization exercises
Gait retraining to improve walking mechanics
➡️ See our rehab guide for hip stability
3. Medications
NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen, naproxen) for pain and inflammation
4. Corticosteroid Injections
Useful for persistent inflammation in the trochanteric bursa or tendon sheath
Provides temporary relief but should be combined with physical therapy for long-term benefit
5. PRP Injections
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) may promote tendon healing in chronic GTPS cases
➡️ Learn more about PRP therapy for hip pain
When Is Surgery Needed?
Surgical intervention is rare but may be considered if:
Symptoms persist after 6+ months of non-operative care
There is a full-thickness tear of the gluteus medius/minimus tendons
Advanced imaging shows structural damage
Surgical options include tendon repair or bursectomy (removal of the inflamed bursa).
Preventing GTPS and Recurrence
Maintain strong gluteal and core muscles
Avoid repetitive high-impact activities without proper form
Stretch regularly and use proper footwear
Address other biomechanical issues like knee instability or leg length differences
Key Takeaways
Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome (GTPS) is a common cause of outer hip pain, often involving tendon and bursa irritation.
It is most common in middle-aged women and athletes.
Treatment includes physical therapy, activity modification, and sometimes injections or surgery.
Early intervention and gluteal strengthening are key to long-term relief.
